{"id":4248,"date":"2025-10-27T11:00:57","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T11:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/?p=4248"},"modified":"2025-10-27T14:03:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T14:03:00","slug":"safety-budgets-for-rf-neuromodulation-closed-loop-power-minimization-with-reinforcement-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/?p=4248","title":{"rendered":"Safety Budgets for RF Neuromodulation: Closed-Loop Power Minimization with Reinforcement Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-opt-id=1938456106  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"490\" height=\"390\" src=\"https:\/\/ml6vmqguit1n.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-35.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ml6vmqguit1n.i.optimole.com\/w:490\/h:390\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-35.png 490w, https:\/\/ml6vmqguit1n.i.optimole.com\/w:300\/h:239\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-35.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Xinhao Liandao<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-wp-embed is-provider-spectrcyde wp-block-embed-spectrcyde\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"9KQ1VD7xAR\"><a href=\"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/?page_id=4245\">Safety Budgets for RF Neuromodulation: Closed-Loop Power Minimization with Reinforcement Learning<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Safety Budgets for RF Neuromodulation: Closed-Loop Power Minimization with Reinforcement Learning&#8221; &#8212; Spectrcyde\" src=\"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/?page_id=4245&#038;embed=true#?secret=hJIW5ssJR8#?secret=9KQ1VD7xAR\" data-secret=\"9KQ1VD7xAR\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Radio-frequency neuromodulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for treating neurological disorders,<br>offering precise spatial targeting and non-invasive delivery [1].<br>However, RF energy deposition in biological tissues raises<br>critical safety concerns, particularly regarding specific absorption rate (SAR) limits established by regulatory agencies [2].<br>Current clinical systems often employ conservative safety<br>margins that may limit therapeutic efficacy, motivating the<br>development of adaptive approaches that optimize the safety utility tradeoff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RF dosimetry and safety analysis has been extensively<br>studied in the context of wireless communications [3] and<br>medical applications [4]. Traditional approaches rely on worst case analysis and conservative safety factors, often resulting<br>in suboptimal performance.<br>Constrained reinforcement learning has gained attention for<br>safety-critical applications [5], [6]. Primal-dual methods, in<br>particular, provide theoretical guarantees for constraint satisfaction while maintaining learning efficiency [7]. Recent work<br>has applied these techniques to robotics [8] and autonomous<br>systems [9], but applications to RF systems remain limited.<br>Beamforming optimization for medical applications has<br>focused primarily on unconstrained problems [10] or used<br>convex optimization with fixed constraints [11]. Our approach<br>bridges this gap by enabling adaptive constraint handling<br>through learning-based methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Safety-Budgets-for-RF-Neuromodulation-Closed-Loop-Power-Minimization-with-Reinforcement-Learning-bgilbert1984.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of Safety Budgets for RF Neuromodulation Closed-Loop Power Minimization with Reinforcement Learning bgilbert1984.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-9e5676b4-fe72-4915-85ec-1c5fcad30bde\" href=\"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Safety-Budgets-for-RF-Neuromodulation-Closed-Loop-Power-Minimization-with-Reinforcement-Learning-bgilbert1984.pdf\">Safety Budgets for RF Neuromodulation Closed-Loop Power Minimization with Reinforcement Learning bgilbert1984<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Safety-Budgets-for-RF-Neuromodulation-Closed-Loop-Power-Minimization-with-Reinforcement-Learning-bgilbert1984.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-9e5676b4-fe72-4915-85ec-1c5fcad30bde\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Xinhao Liandao Radio-frequency neuromodulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for treating neurological disorders,offering precise spatial targeting and non-invasive delivery [1].However, RF energy deposition in biological tissues raisescritical safety concerns, particularly regarding specific absorption rate (SAR) limits established by regulatory agencies [2].Current clinical systems often employ conservative safetymargins that may limit therapeutic efficacy, motivating&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/?p=4248\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Safety Budgets for RF Neuromodulation: Closed-Loop Power Minimization with Reinforcement Learning<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2397,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6,10],"tags":[16,15],"class_list":["post-4248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-signal-science","category-signal_scythe","tag-16","tag-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4248"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4254,"href":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4248\/revisions\/4254"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}