H.R.1 – One Big Beautiful Bill Act The Congressional Budget and Tax Act 2025

119th Congress (2025-2026) This bill is primarily (heavy comparison between years mentioned) for the year 2025.

Several aspects of the bill become effective or are appropriated for this year:

PODCAST: This legislative text outlines extensive modifications to various federal programs and tax laws, demonstrating a broad effort to reshape government spending and policy. Key proposed changes include revisions to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), rescissions of funding for clean energy and environmental initiatives, and adjustments to tax relief provisions for middle-class families, including child tax credits and deductions. Furthermore, the document addresses significant overhauls to healthcare programs like Medicaid and Medicare, the student loan system, and immigration and border security policies, alongside amendments concerning agricultural subsidies and defense appropriations. The numerous sections indicate a comprehensive legislative package aiming to alter diverse aspects of federal administration and public life.

• The bill itself was resolved in the Senate on July 1 (legislative day, June 30), 2025.
• Various appropriations for the Department of Defense are designated for fiscal year 2025, with funds generally remaining available until September 30, 2029.
• The cost adjustments for the “Thrifty Food Plan” begin on October 1, 2025.
• Agricultural reference prices for commodities like wheat, corn, and barley are effective starting with the 2025 crop year.
• The Commodity Credit Corporation will establish storage rates for forfeited sugar for the 2025 crop year and each subsequent crop year.
• Economic adjustment assistance for textile mills is set to increase to 5 cents per pound beginning on August 1, 2025.
• Several tax provisions, including those related to tax rates, standard deductions, child tax credit, qualified business income, estate and gift tax exemptions, and alternative minimum tax exemptions, apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024, or December 31, 2025.
• New fees for various immigration applications, such as asylum applications and initial employment authorization, are specified to begin in fiscal year 2025 .
• A special appropriation of $150,000,000 for celebrating America’s 250th anniversary is provided for fiscal year 2025.
• Funding for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and Energy Dominance Financing are appropriated for fiscal year 2025.
• The Bureau of Land Management is required to hold at least one oil and gas lease sale in the Gulf of Mexico region by December 15, 2025.

The re-evaluation of the market baskets for the thrifty food plan can occur not earlier than October 1, 2027.

This re-evaluation by the Secretary may be based on current food prices, food composition data, consumption patterns, and dietary guidance. However, any such re-evaluation cannot be used to increase the cost of the thrifty food plan.

Based on the provided sources, Texas is seeing a significant investment related to space exploration and infrastructure in the bill.

Specifically, under TITLE IV—COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, SEC. 40005. MARS MISSIONS, ARTEMIS MISSIONS, AND MOON TO MARS PROGRAM, there is an appropriation for:

• $500,000,000 for the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.
• These funds are to be obligated not later than fiscal year 2026.
• The purpose of this funding is for construction, revitalization, recapitalization, or other infrastructure projects and improvements at the center.

This is part of a larger appropriation of $9,995,000,000 to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for fiscal year 2025, with funds available until September 30, 2032, to support Mars missions, Artemis missions, and the Moon to Mars program.

Based on the provided bill, all 50 States are eligible to receive allotments under the Rural Health Transformation Program.

The bill specifies that “Only the 50 States shall be eligible for an allotment under this subsection and all references in this subsection to a State shall be treated as only referring to the 50 States”. To be eligible, a State must submit an application to the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services by December 31, 2025, detailing their rural health transformation plan. This plan should outline strategies to improve access to healthcare for rural residents, enhance health outcomes, prioritize new technologies, strengthen partnerships between rural hospitals, and more.

The Administrator will determine the amount of the allotment for each eligible State, distributing 50 percent equally among all approved States and 50 percent based on specific criteria, including the percentage of the State’s population in rural census tracts and the proportion of rural health facilities in the State. States are not required to provide matching funds to receive these payments.

The Rural Health Transformation Program, established under SEC. 71401, includes specific provisions for supporting mental health services as part of its broader goals for improving rural healthcare .

Here are the mental health details of the Rural Health Transformation Program:

• Purpose of Funds: Amounts allotted to States under this program are to be used for various health-related activities. One specific allowed use of these funds, as outlined in Paragraph (6) “USE OF FUNDS”, is:
  • “Supporting access to opioid use disorder treatment services (as defined in section 1861(jjj)(1)), other substance use disorder treatment services, and mental health services.”

In a broader context, the program aims to:

• Improve access to hospitals, other health care providers, and health care items and services furnished to rural residents.
• Improve health care outcomes for rural residents.
• Prioritize new and emerging technologies, emphasizing prevention and chronic disease management.
• Initiate, foster, and strengthen local and regional strategic partnerships between rural hospitals and other health care providers to promote measurable quality improvement, increase financial stability, maximize economies of scale, and share best practices.
• Enhance economic opportunity for, and the supply of, health care clinicians through enhanced recruitment and training.
• Prioritize data and technology-driven solutions that help rural hospitals and other rural health care providers furnish high-quality health care services as close to a patient’s home as possible.
• Outline strategies to manage long-term financial solvency and operating models of rural hospitals.
• Identify specific causes driving the accelerating rate of stand-alone rural hospitals becoming at risk of closure, conversion, or service reduction.

All 50 States are eligible for an allotment under this program, provided they submit an approved application.

The Rural Health Transformation Program, established under SEC. 71401, includes specific provisions for supporting mental health services as part of its broader goals for improving rural healthcare .

Here are the mental health details of the Rural Health Transformation Program:

• Purpose of Funds: Amounts allotted to States under this program are to be used for various health-related activities. One specific allowed use of these funds, as outlined in Paragraph (6) “USE OF FUNDS”, is:
  • “Supporting access to opioid use disorder treatment services (as defined in section 1861(jjj)(1)), other substance use disorder treatment services, and mental health services.”

In a broader context, the program aims to:

• Improve access to hospitals, other health care providers, and health care items and services furnished to rural residents.
• Improve health care outcomes for rural residents.
• Prioritize new and emerging technologies, emphasizing prevention and chronic disease management.
• Initiate, foster, and strengthen local and regional strategic partnerships between rural hospitals and other health care providers to promote measurable quality improvement, increase financial stability, maximize economies of scale, and share best practices.
• Enhance economic opportunity for, and the supply of, health care clinicians through enhanced recruitment and training.
• Prioritize data and technology-driven solutions that help rural hospitals and other rural health care providers furnish high-quality health care services as close to a patient’s home as possible.
• Outline strategies to manage long-term financial solvency and operating models of rural hospitals.
• Identify specific causes driving the accelerating rate of stand-alone rural hospitals becoming at risk of closure, conversion, or service reduction.

All 50 States are eligible for an allotment under this program, provided they submit an approved application.

Based on the provided sources and our conversation history, there is no information regarding “Religious Intuitions” or how they might be affected by this bill.

The bill primarily addresses a wide range of governmental, economic, and social policies, including:

• Agriculture and Rural America (e.g., SNAP, crop insurance, conservation, rural health programs).
• Defense and National Security (e.g., Department of Defense resources, shipbuilding, border support).
• Financial and Economic Matters (e.g., consumer financial protection, tax relief, business tax reform, opportunity zones).
• Energy and Environment (e.g., oil and gas leasing, renewable energy, rescissions of climate-related funding).
• Health and Social Services (e.g., Medicaid, Medicare, rural health, education loans, immigration fees).

While some sections touch upon social welfare and community development, the concept of “religious intuitions” is not mentioned or addressed in any context within these documents. The focus of the bill is on tangible policy changes, appropriations, and regulatory adjustments.

Based on the provided bill, the Department of Agriculture is the federal agency under which the forestry funds are being rescinded.

Specifically, Subtitle B—Forestry contains Sec. 10201. Rescission of amounts for forestry. This section states that “The unobligated balances of amounts appropriated by the following provisions of Public Law 117–169 are rescinded: (1) Paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 23001(a) (136 Stat. 2023)”. Since Subtitle B—Forestry falls under TITLE I—COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY, the funds are associated with the Department of Agriculture’s forestry programs.

The bill outlines several programs, credits, and provisions that will be terminated, phased out, or repealed, primarily impacting tax incentives, environmental initiatives, and student loan policies. Additionally, numerous unobligated balances of funds from previous laws are rescinded, effectively curtailing the financial resources for certain existing programs, though not necessarily terminating the programs themselves.

Here’s a breakdown of what will terminate or be repealed:

I. Tax Credits, Deductions, and Related Provisions:

• Previously-Owned Clean Vehicle Credit: This credit, previously set to terminate on December 31, 2032, will now terminate for vehicles acquired after September 30, 2025.
• Clean Vehicle Credit: This credit, previously set to terminate on December 31, 2032, will now terminate for vehicles acquired after September 30, 2025.
• Qualified Commercial Clean Vehicles Credit: This credit, previously set to terminate on December 31, 2032, will now terminate for vehicles produced and sold after September 30, 2025.
• Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit: This credit, previously set to terminate on December 31, 2032, will now terminate after June 30, 2026.
• Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit: This credit will terminate for property placed in service after December 31, 2025.
• Residential Clean Energy Credit: This credit will terminate with respect to any expenditures made after December 31, 2025.
• Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings Deduction: This deduction will not apply with respect to property the construction of which begins after June 30, 2026.
• New Energy Efficient Home Credit: This credit, previously set to terminate on December 31, 2032, will now terminate after June 30, 2026.
• Cost Recovery for Energy Property: Specific provisions related to cost recovery for energy property will no longer apply to property the construction of which begins after December 31, 2024.
• Clean Hydrogen Production Credit: This credit will terminate on January 1, 2028.
• Clean Electricity Production Credit: This credit will not apply with respect to any qualified wind or solar facilities placed in service after December 31, 2027. The credit is also denied for certain wind and solar leasing arrangements.
• Clean Electricity Investment Credit: This credit will not apply to certain qualified property (wind and solar facilities) placed in service by the taxpayer after December 31, 2027. It also denies credit for certain wind and solar leasing arrangements and eliminates the energy credit for certain energy property where construction begins on or after June 16, 2025.
• Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit:
  • Applicable critical minerals (other than metallurgical coal): This credit will phase out starting after December 31, 2030, and will terminate entirely after December 31, 2033.
  • Wind energy components: This credit will not apply to any wind energy component produced and sold after December 31, 2027.
  • Metallurgical coal: This credit will not apply to any metallurgical coal produced after December 31, 2029.
• Sustainable Aviation Fuel Credit (under Section 6426(k)): This credit will not apply to any sale or use for any period after September 30, 2025.
• Deduction for Certain Remittance Transfers: No deduction will be allowed for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2028.
• Deduction for Personal Exemptions: The temporary termination of this deduction, previously set to expire in 2025, is effectively made permanent, meaning the deduction itself is terminated indefinitely for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024.
• Deduction for Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions: Similar to personal exemptions, the temporary termination of these deductions, previously set to expire in 2025, is effectively made permanent for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.
• Specific Qualified Transportation Fringe Benefits: Certain categories of qualified transportation fringe benefits are stricken from the tax code, effectively terminating their deductibility or exclusion. This applies to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
• Limitation on Deduction and Exclusion for Moving Expenses: The temporary limitation on the deduction and exclusion for moving expenses, previously set to expire in 2026, is made permanent, effectively terminating the broader deduction for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.
• Mortgage Insurance Premiums Treated as Qualified Residence Interest: This specific tax treatment will not apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
• Limitation on Excess Business Losses of Noncorporate Taxpayers: The temporary nature of this limitation, previously set to expire before January 1, 2029, is terminated, making the limitation itself permanent. This applies to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
• Certain types of depreciation allowances: Paragraphs (6) and (8) of section 168(k) are stricken. These paragraphs relate to specific rules for calculating the special depreciation allowance.

II. Environmental and Climate Programs/Funds:

• Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund: Section 134 of the Clean Air Act, which established this fund, is repealed, and its unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funds for Green and Resilient Retrofit Program for Multifamily Housing: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Certain Amounts for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): Any unobligated balances from specific provisions of Public Law 117–169 are rescinded.
• Rescission of Unobligated Funds for Alternative Fuel and Low-Emission Aviation Technology: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Amounts Appropriated to Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund: $850,000,000 of unobligated balances are permanently rescinded.
• Repeal of Inflation Reduction Act Provisions for Onshore Oil and Gas Leasing: Specific subsections of Public Law 117–169 relating to onshore oil and gas royalty rates and noncompetitive leasing are repealed, and prior law is restored.
• Repeal of Royalties on Extracted Methane: Section 50263 of Public Law 117–169 is repealed.
• Rescission of Funding for Clean Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Diesel Emissions Reductions: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding to Address Air Pollution: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding to Address Air Pollution at Schools: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for the Low Emissions Electricity Program: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Section 211(o) of the Clean Air Act: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Implementation of the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Enforcement Technology and Public Information: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Greenhouse Gas Corporate Reporting: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Environmental Product Declaration Assistance: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Methane Emissions and Waste Reduction Incentive Program for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Unobligated balances of amounts for subsections (a) and (b) of Section 136 of the Clean Air Act are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Greenhouse Gas Air Pollution Plans and Implementation Grants: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Environmental Protection Agency Efficient, Accurate, and Timely Reviews: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Low-Embodied Carbon Labeling for Construction Materials: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Environmental and Climate Justice Block Grants: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for ESA Recovery Plans: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Environmental and Climate Data Collection: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Neighborhood Access and Equity Grant Program: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Federal Building Assistance: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for Low-Carbon Materials for Federal Buildings: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Funding for GSA Emerging and Sustainable Technologies: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Environmental Review Implementation Funds: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Low-Carbon Transportation Materials Grants: Unobligated balances are rescinded.
• Rescission of Forestry Amounts: Unobligated balances of amounts appropriated by Public Law 117–169 are rescinded.
• Rescission of National Park Service and Bureau of Land Management Funds: Unobligated balances from specific sections of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 are rescinded.
• Repeals; Rescissions (Energy): Section 50142 of Public Law 117–169 is repealed, and its unobligated balance is rescinded. Additionally, unobligated balances from several other sections of Public Law 117–169 (related to energy) are rescinded.
• Commercial Shipment Exception: Section 321(a)(2) of the Tariff Act of 1930 is amended to repeal the commercial shipment exception, taking effect on July 1, 2027.

III. Student Loan and Education Programs:

• Authority to Make Interest Subsidized Loans to Graduate and Professional Students: This authority is terminated for periods of instruction beginning on or after July 1, 2012.
• Authority to Make Federal Direct PLUS Loans to Graduate and Professional Students: This authority is terminated for periods of instruction beginning on or after July 1, 2026.
• Authority to Make Federal Direct PLUS Loans to Parent Borrowers: This authority is terminated for periods of instruction beginning on or after July 1, 2026.
• Income Contingent Repayment Plans: The authority to provide income contingent repayment plans under subsection (e) of section 455 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 is repealed.
• Specific Repayment Plans: Repayment plans described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of section 455(d) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 will only apply to loans made before July 1, 2026, meaning they will not be available for new loans after that date.
• Unemployment and Economic Hardship Deferments: For loans made on or after July 1, 2027, borrowers will not be eligible to defer payments due to unemployment or economic hardship.
• Delay of Rule Relating to Borrower Defense to Repayment: The implementation of new rules for borrower defense to repayment are delayed for loans that first originate before July 1, 2035, and prior regulations are restored. This effectively terminates the application of the new rules for this period.
• Delay of Rule Relating to Closed School Discharges: The implementation of new rules for closed school discharges are delayed for loans that first originate before July 1, 2035, and prior regulations are restored. This effectively terminates the application of the new rules for this period.

IV. Other Programs/Provisions:

• Election for 1-Month Deferral in Determination of Taxable Year of Specified Foreign Corporations: This election, found in section 898(c)(2), is repealed for taxable years of specified foreign corporations beginning after November 30, 2025.
• Securities and Exchange Commission Reserve Fund: The obligated and unobligated balances of this fund will be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury, and the fund will be considered closed for obligation or expenditure, effective October 1, 2025.
• Increased FMAP Incentive for Medicaid Expansion States: The increased Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP) incentive for States that expand Medicaid will sunset for States that do not begin expending amounts for all eligible individuals prior to January 1, 2026.

The sources outline various comparisons and changes between different years, particularly concerning fiscal appropriations, program eligibility, tax reforms, and fee structures.

Here are some of the comparisons made between years:

• Thrifty Food Plan Re-evaluation and Adjustments:
  • The cost of the thrifty food plan is to be adjusted annually on October 1, 2025, and each October 1 thereafter, to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the most recent 12-month period ending in June.
  • The market baskets of the thrifty food plan may be re-evaluated not earlier than October 1, 2027.
• SNAP Administrative Cost Sharing:
  • The Federal share of administrative costs for State agencies is set at 50% through fiscal year 2026, and then changes to 25% for fiscal year 2027 and each fiscal year thereafter.
  • For the State quality control incentive, beginning in fiscal year 2028, the Federal share of allotment costs for States with payment error rates less than 6% will be 100%, scaling down to 85% for rates equal to or greater than 10%.
  • To calculate the State share for fiscal year 2028, a State can elect to use its payment error rate from fiscal year 2025 or 2026. For fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year thereafter, the payment error rate used will be from the third fiscal year preceding the calculation year.
  • Delayed implementation of state cost sharing for States with high error rates: if the 2025 payment error rate multiplied by 1.5 is 20% or more, the implementation date shifts to fiscal year 2029. If the 2026 payment error rate multiplied by 1.5 is 20% or more, the date shifts to fiscal year 2030.
• Commodity Programs (Agriculture):
  • Effective Reference Price: The percentage for the effective reference price changes from 85% to 88% beginning with the crop year 2025.
  • Reference Price: Specific reference prices for various covered commodities are established effective beginning with the 2025 crop year. Beginning with the 2031 crop year, these reference prices will be multiplied by 1.005 from the previous crop year, with a maximum of 113% of the initial 2025 prices.
  • Base Acres: Eligibility to receive an allocation of base acres begins with the 2026 crop year and is based on a 5-year average of planted acreage from 2019 through 2023 crop years. The total number of base acres for covered commodities on the farm as of September 30, 2024, is also a factor.
  • Payment Yield: Payment yields for base acres allocated under the new rules are established beginning with crop year 2026.
  • Producer Election: The period for producer elections is extended from 2023 to 2031. For the 2025 crop year, the Secretary will make the higher of price loss coverage or agriculture risk coverage county payments.
  • Price Loss Coverage (PLC): The termination date for certain provisions is extended from 2023 to 2031. The reference years for certain calculations are changed from 2012-2016 to 2017-2021.
  • Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC): The program is extended from 2023 to 2031. For ARC county coverage, the benchmark revenue percentage is 90% for 2014 through 2024 crop years and for 2025 through 2031 crop years. The limit on individual farm payments changes from 10% for 2014-2024 crop years to 12% for 2025-2031 crop years.
  • Payment Limitations: The base payment limitations are increased from $125,000 to $155,000. For the 2025 crop year and each crop year thereafter, these amounts will be adjusted annually for inflation based on the CPI-U.
  • Marketing Loans: Availability of nonrecourse marketing assistance loans is extended from 2023 to 2031. Loan rates are specified for 2025 crop year and new rates are introduced for 2026 through 2031 crop years. Cotton storage payments are effective for 2026 through 2031 crop years. Loan deficiency payments are continued from 2023 to 2031. Special competitive provisions for extra long staple cotton are extended from 2026 to 2032. Recourse loans are extended from 2023 to 2031.
  • Sugar Program: Loan rate modifications for raw cane sugar are specified for 2025 through 2031 crop years. Commodity Credit Corporation storage rates for forfeited sugar are established for the 2025 crop year and each subsequent crop year, with prior rates applying through 2024. Sugar estimates for allotments are extended from 2023 to 2031. The period of effectiveness for the sugar program is extended from 2023 to 2031.
  • Dairy Margin Coverage: The production history for dairy margin coverage is determined by the highest annual milk marketings during any one of the 2021, 2022, or 2023 calendar years.
• Crop Insurance Programs:
  • Specialty Crop Administrative and Operating Expenses: Beginning with the 2026 reinsurance year and thereafter, the reimbursement rate for administrative and operating expenses for specialty crop insurance contracts will be at least 17% of the premium.
  • A&O Inflation Adjustment: Starting with the 2026 reinsurance year and thereafter, total administrative and operating expense reimbursements will be increased for inflation. For the 2026 reinsurance year, this increase will not exceed the percentage change in the CPI-U for the preceding reinsurance year.
  • Premium Support: The maximum amount for premium support is $4,000,000 for fiscal years 2009 through 2025 and $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 and each subsequent fiscal year.
  • Reviews, Compliance, and Integrity: The amount allocated for these activities is $8,000,000 for fiscal years 2014 through 2025 and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter.
• Conservation and Rural Development:
  • Conservation Program: Specific funding levels are set for fiscal years 2026 through 2030, with increasing amounts year over year.
  • Regional Conservation Partnership Program: $70,000,000 is allocated for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2031.
  • Specialty Crop Research Initiative: Funding is $80,000,000 for fiscal years 2014 through 2025, and increases to $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  • Research Facilities Act: Funding is $75,000,000 for fiscal years 2018 through 2025, and increases to $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  • Specialty Crop Block Grants: Funding is $85,000,000 for fiscal years 2018 through 2025, and increases to $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  • Organic Production and Market Data Initiative: $10,000,000 is provided for the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2031.
  • International Trade Technology Systems and Data Collection: Funding is $1,000,000 for fiscal years 2024 and 2025, and increases to $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
  • National Organic Certification Cost-Share Program: The program is extended from 2024 to 2031.
  • Pima Agriculture Cotton Trust Fund and Agriculture Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust Fund: Both are extended from 2024 to 2031.
• Department of Defense Appropriations:
  • Various appropriations for business systems replacement, automation and AI, budgetary/programmatic infrastructure, and cybersecurity are provided for fiscal year 2025, to remain available until September 30, 2029.
• Securities and Exchange Commission:
  • Remaining amounts in the Securities and Exchange Commission Reserve Fund are transferred effective October 1, 2025.
• Spectrum Auctions and Management:
  • The general auction authority of the Commission (FCC) is extended to expire on September 30, 2034.
  • The Assistant Secretary, in consultation with the Commission, shall identify not less than 200 megahertz of frequencies within 2 years after enactment, and any remaining bandwidth within 4 years after enactment.
  • The Commission shall grant licenses through competitive bidding for these frequencies, completing sales for at least 200 megahertz not later than 4 years after enactment, and for any remaining frequencies not later than 8 years after enactment.
  • A biennial report on the value of federal spectrum is required, with the last report to be published not later than June 30, 2034.
• Space Launch Fees:
  • A fee is imposed on launches/reentries carried out during 2026 or a subsequent year. Specific per-pound and maximum amounts are listed for 2026 through 2033, with 2034 and each subsequent year having amounts adjusted for inflation based on CPI-U over the previous year.
• Corporate Average Fuel Economy Civil Penalties:
  • Annual lease payments to the Treasury are $3,000,000 in 1987 dollars during 1987 to 2026, and then $15,000,000 in 2027 dollars for 2027 and subsequent years.
• Oil and Gas Leasing (Onshore & Offshore):
  • Offshore Lease Sales: For the Gulf of Mexico, at least 1 lease sale by December 15, 2025, and at least 2 lease sales in each of calendar years 2026 through 2039, with at least 1 in calendar year 2040. For the Alaska region, at least 1 lease sale in each of calendar years 2026 through 2028 and 2030 through 2032.
  • Outer Continental Shelf Revenues: Specific amounts are allocated for fiscal years 2025 through 2034 and for fiscal years 2035 through 2055.
  • Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Program: Initial lease sale within 1 year after enactment, second within 3 years, third within 5 years, and fourth within 7 years. Receipts paid to the State of Alaska are 50% for fiscal years 2025 through 2033.
  • National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska (NPR–A): At least 5 lease sales are to be conducted by not later than 10 years after enactment. Beginning in fiscal year 2034, 70% of receipts from leases are paid to Alaska, and 30% to the Treasury.
• Timber Sales:
  • National Forest System: Not fewer than 40 long-term timber sale contracts for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2034.
  • Bureau of Land Management: Timber sales annually in a quantity not less than 20,000,000 board-feet greater than the previous fiscal year for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Not fewer than 5 long-term contracts for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2034.
• Renewable Energy Revenue Sharing:
  • Disposition of revenues begins on January 1, 2026. Payments for an applicable fiscal year are made in the fiscal year that immediately follows the fiscal year for which the amounts were collected.
• Celebrating America’s 250th Anniversary:
  • $150,000,000 is appropriated for fiscal year 2025, to remain available through fiscal year 2028.
• Tax Provisions (Internal Revenue Code):
  • Reduced Rates: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. The heading is changed from “2018 THROUGH 2025” to “BEGINNING AFTER 2017”.
  • Standard Deduction: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024. Inflation adjustment years are updated to 2025 for 2018 and 2024 for 2017.
  • Personal Exemptions: A deduction for seniors is allowed for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2029. The heading changes from “2018 THROUGH 2025” to “BEGINNING AFTER 2017”.
  • Child Tax Credit: The $1,400 refundable credit amount is adjusted for inflation for taxable years beginning after 2024 (using a 2017 base year for CPI-U). The $2,200 credit amount is adjusted for inflation for taxable years beginning after 2025 (using a 2024 base year for CPI-U).
  • Qualified Business Income Deduction: Inflation adjustments for the $400 and $1,000 amounts apply to taxable years beginning after 2026 (using a 2025 base year for CPI-U).
  • Estate and Gift Tax Exemption: Amendments apply to estates of decedents dying, and gifts made, after December 31, 2025.
  • Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) Exemption: The heading is changed from “AND BEFORE 2026”. Inflation adjustment for the $1,000,000 amount uses calendar year 2025 as the base.
  • Mortgage Insurance Premiums: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. The heading changes from “2018 THROUGH 2025” to “BEGINNING AFTER 2017”.
  • Casualty Loss Deduction: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. The heading changes from “2018 THROUGH 2025” to “BEGINNING AFTER 2017”.
  • Educator Expenses: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Limitation on Itemized Deductions: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Qualified Transportation Fringe Benefits: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. The inflation adjustment uses 1997 as the base year instead of 1998.
  • Moving Expenses: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. The heading changes from “2018 THROUGH 2025” to “BEGINNING AFTER 2017”.
  • Wagering Losses: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • ABLE Accounts Contributions: Amendments apply to contributions made after December 31, 2025. Modified inflation adjustment for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Savers Credit for ABLE Contributions: Amendments apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 2025. The credit amount increase applies to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2026.
  • Rollovers from Qualified Tuition Programs to ABLE Accounts: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Student Loan Discharges: Amendments apply to discharges after December 31, 2025.
  • State and Local Tax (SALT) Limitation: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024. Specific limitation amounts and phase-down thresholds are outlined for taxable years beginning in 2025, 2026, after 2026 and before 2030, and after 2029.
  • No Tax on Tips: Reporting requirements apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024. The Secretary is to publish a list of occupations by December 31, 2024. Withholding procedures are to be modified for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • No Tax on Overtime Compensation: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024. A transition rule for reporting applies to periods before January 1, 2026. Withholding procedures are to be modified for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • No Tax on Car Loan Interest: Special rules apply for taxable years 2025 through 2028. Indebtedness must be incurred after December 31, 2024. Returns for interest received apply to calendar years beginning after December 31, 2024.
  • Trump Accounts: Contribution limits are adjusted for inflation for taxable years after 2027 (using a 2026 base year for CPI-U). Employer contribution limits are adjusted for inflation for taxable years beginning after 2027 (using a 2026 base year for CPI-U).
  • Expensing of Depreciable Business Assets: Amendments apply to property placed in service in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024. Inflation adjustments are updated using 2024 for 2016 for some amounts, and 2017 for 2016 for others.
  • Domestic Research & Experimental Expenditures (R&E): Amendments apply to amounts paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024. Disposition rules for foreign research expenses apply to property disposed of after May 12, 2025.
    • Transition rules allow small businesses to elect retroactive application to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2021. Taxpayers can elect to deduct remaining unamortized amounts paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2021, and before January 1, 2025, either in the first taxable year beginning after December 31, 2024, or ratably over a 2-taxable year period beginning then.
  • Recreational Vehicle Loan Interest: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024.
  • Paid Family and Medical Leave Credit: Amendments apply to amounts paid or incurred after December 31, 2025. Dollar limitations for the credit are adjusted for inflation for taxable years beginning after 2026 (using a 2025 base year for CPI-U).
  • Business Meals Deduction: Amendments apply to amounts paid or incurred after December 31, 2025.
  • Special Depreciation Allowance for Qualified Production Property: Property must be placed in service before January 1, 2031.
  • Foreign Tax Credit Limitation: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Deemed Paid Credit for Taxes: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. Disallowance applies to foreign income taxes paid or accrued after June 28, 2025.
  • Sourcing Income from Inventory Sale: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Foreign-Derived Deduction Eligible Income: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Deduction Eligible Income Determination: Sales or dispositions apply to those occurring after June 16, 2025. Expense apportionment limits apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Deemed Intangible Income: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Base Erosion Minimum Tax: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Business Interest Limitation: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Adjusted Gross Income Limitation for Business Interest: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Look-Thru Rule for Related Controlled Foreign Corporations: Permanent extension applies to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • 1-Month Deferral Repeal for Specified Foreign Corporations: Amendments apply to taxable years of specified foreign corporations beginning after November 30, 2025. A transition rule applies to corporations as of November 30, 2025.
  • Downward Attribution of Stock Ownership: Amendments apply to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Pro Rata Share Rules: Amendments apply to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after December 31, 2025. A transition rule applies to dividends paid on or before June 28, 2025.
  • Employer-Provided Child Care Credit: Amendments apply to amounts paid or incurred after December 31, 2025.
  • Adoption Credit: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. Inflation adjustments are specified with different base years for refundable and non-refundable portions (e.g., 2001 vs. 2024 for CPI-U).
  • Recognizing Indian Tribal Governments: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Tax Credit for Scholarship Granting Organizations: Amendments apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 2026. Exclusion from gross income applies to amounts received after December 31, 2026.
  • Exclusion for Employer Payments of Student Loans: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. Inflation adjustment for the $5,250 amount applies to taxable years beginning after 2026 (using a 2025 base year for CPI-U).
  • Qualified Tuition Programs: Amendments regarding certain distributions for therapy services apply after the date of enactment. An increase in the general limitation applies to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Apprenticeship Programs: Amendments apply to distributions made after the date of enactment.
  • Excise Tax on Investment Income of Private Colleges and Universities: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024.
  • Compensation from Related Organizations of Educational Institutions: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Opportunity Zones (OZs):
    • Decennial determination dates for OZs are July 1, 2026, and each July 1 of every 10 years thereafter.
    • The Puerto Rico amendment takes effect December 31, 2026.
    • Special rules for capital gains apply to amounts invested in qualified opportunity funds after the date of enactment.
    • Penalties for non-compliance with information reporting apply to failures relating to returns required to be filed in a calendar year beginning after 2025.
    • The Secretary’s reports on OZs are to be publicly available annually, and beginning with the report for the 6th year after enactment, they must include impacts and outcomes measured by economic indicators. Semi-decennial reports (6th and 11th year after enactment) require comparisons between the 5-year period ending on the enactment of Public Law 115-97 and the most recent 5-year period, as well as comparisons between OZs and non-OZs for the most recent 5-year period.
  • Low-Income Housing Credit: Amendments apply to calendar years beginning after December 31, 2025. Buildings placed in service in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • New Markets Tax Credit: Permanent extension applies for each calendar year after 2019. Carryover rules apply, with any excess before 2026 treated as occurring in 2025. Amendments apply to calendar years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Charitable Contributions: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Private Foundation Excise Tax: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Distilled Spirits Tax: Amendments apply to distilled spirits brought into the U.S. after December 31, 2025.
  • Nonprofit Community Development Activities in Remote Native Villages: This section takes effect on the date of enactment and remains effective during the existence of the Western Alaska community development quota program.
  • Residential Construction Contracts: Amendments apply to contracts entered into in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Qualified Small Business Stock Gain Exclusion: Amendments generally apply to taxable years beginning after the date of enactment. The increase in overall limitation also applies to taxable years beginning after the date of enactment, with an inflation adjustment for the $15,000,000 amount for taxable years beginning after 2026 (using a 2025 base year for CPI-U). The increase in aggregate gross assets applies to stock issued after the date of enactment, with an inflation adjustment for the $75,000,000 amounts for taxable years beginning after 2026 (using a 2025 base year for CPI-U).
  • De Minimis Rules for Third Party Network Transactions: Amendments apply to calendar years beginning after December 31, 2024.
  • Information Reporting Threshold (Certain Payees): Amendments apply to payments made after December 31, 2025. Inflation adjustment for the $2,000 amount applies to calendar years after 2026 (using a 2025 base year for CPI-U).
  • Qualified Sound Recording Productions: Amendments apply to productions commencing in taxable years ending after the date of enactment.
  • Exclusion of Interest on Loans Secured by Rural or Agricultural Real Estate: Applies to loans made after the date of enactment. Refinancings are treated as made before the enactment date if the original loan was made on or before that date.
  • Gain from Sale of Qualified Farmland Property: Amendments apply to sales or exchanges in taxable years beginning after the date of enactment.
  • Disaster-Related Personal Casualty Losses: The rule is applied by substituting the date of enactment of this section for previous enactment dates.
  • Taxable REIT Subsidiary Asset Test: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
• Clean Energy Spending Termination & Restrictions:
  • Residential Clean Energy Credit: Amendments apply to property placed in service after December 31, 2025.
  • Clean Vehicle Credits: The restriction for material assistance from prohibited foreign entities applies to vehicles sold after the date of enactment.
  • Qualified Commercial Clean Vehicle Credit: The restriction for prohibited foreign entities applies to taxable years beginning after the date of enactment.
  • Clean Hydrogen Production Credit: The termination date is changed from January 1, 2033, to January 1, 2028.
  • Clean Electricity Production Credit:
    • Termination for wind and solar facilities applies to applicable facilities placed in service after December 31, 2027. This change applies to facilities where construction begins after 12 months after the date of enactment.
    • Restrictions relating to prohibited foreign entities apply to facilities where construction begins after December 31, 2025.
    • Domestic content bonus credit amounts are phased in for construction beginning during calendar years 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, and after December 31, 2029.
    • Threshold percentages for applicable critical minerals are specified, with 0% for those sold after December 31, 2025, and before January 1, 2030, increasing incrementally thereafter to 50% after December 31, 2032.
    • Penalties for substantial misstatements on supplier certifications apply to certifications provided after December 31, 2025.
  • Clean Electricity Investment Credit:
    • Termination for wind and solar facilities applies to qualified property placed in service after December 31, 2027. This change applies to facilities where construction begins after 12 months after the date of enactment.
    • Restrictions relating to prohibited foreign entities apply to qualified facilities where construction begins after December 31, 2025.
    • Domestic content rules apply with specific percentages for construction beginning before June 16, 2025, and for construction beginning during calendar year 2026 and after December 31, 2026.
  • Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit:
    • A phase-out for applicable critical minerals (excluding metallurgical coal) applies to those produced after December 31, 2030, with declining percentages for 2031, 2032, and 2033, and 0% after December 31, 2033.
    • Termination for wind energy components applies after December 31, 2026.
    • Restrictions relating to prohibited foreign entities apply to eligible components sold during taxable years beginning after the date of enactment.
    • The modification of the provision relating to the sale of integrated components applies to components sold during taxable years beginning after December 31, 2026.
  • Advanced Energy Project Credit Program: The restriction on its extension takes effect on the date of enactment.
  • Clean Fuel Production Credit:
    • The credit is extended from December 31, 2027, to December 31, 2029.
    • The prohibition on negative emission rates applies to emission rates published for transportation fuel produced after December 31, 2025.
    • The determination of emission rates, including the exclusion of indirect land use changes, applies to emission rates published for transportation fuel produced after December 31, 2025.
    • Provisions related to preventing double credit apply to fuel sold or used after June 30, 2025.
    • Restrictions related to prohibited foreign entities apply to taxable years beginning after the date of enactment.
  • Carbon Oxide Sequestration Credit: Restrictions related to prohibited foreign entities apply to taxable years beginning after the date of enactment. Parity for different uses applies to facilities or equipment placed in service after the date of enactment.
  • Intangible Drilling and Development Costs: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Publicly Traded Partnerships (Qualifying Income): Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
• Tax Reforms (Guardrails):
  • Limitation on Excess Business Losses of Noncorporate Taxpayers: The rule is made permanent for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2026. Adjustments to amounts apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Payments from Partnerships to Partners: Amendments apply to services performed and property transferred after the date of enactment.
  • Excessive Employee Remuneration: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Excise Tax on Certain Remittance Transfers: Amendments apply to transfers made after December 31, 2025.
  • COVID-Related Employee Retention Credits Enforcement:
    • Provisions apply to aid, assistance, and advice provided after the date of enactment.
    • The limitation on credits and refunds applies to those allowed or made after the date of enactment.
    • The extension of the limitation on assessment applies to assessments made after the date of enactment.
    • The amendment to the penalty for erroneous claims applies to claims for refund or credit made after January 31, 2024.
  • Social Security Number Requirement for Education Credits: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
• Medicaid and Health Provisions:
  • Medicare Savings Programs Rule Moratorium: The rule regarding eligibility and enrollment in Medicare Savings Programs shall not be implemented or enforced from the date of enactment until September 30, 2034.
  • Medicaid Eligibility and Enrollment Verification:
    • States must establish a process to regularly obtain address information for enrollees beginning not later than January 1, 2027.
    • States must submit social security numbers and other information to a new system beginning not later than October 1, 2029, to prevent simultaneous enrollment in multiple States.
    • Quarterly screening against the Death Master File is required beginning January 1, 2027, for enrollee status, and January 1, 2028, for provider screening.
  • Medicaid Payment Reduction for Erroneous Excess Payments: Applies beginning with fiscal year 2030.
  • Medicaid Eligibility Redeterminations: States must make redeterminations once every 6 months for certain individuals for redeterminations scheduled on or after the first day of the first quarter that begins after December 31, 2026.
  • Home Equity Limit for Long-Term Care: States may elect certain applications of the home equity limit beginning January 1, 2027.
  • Medicaid Community Engagement Requirements: States must establish these requirements beginning not later than December 31, 2026. Exemptions for State good faith efforts expire not later than December 31, 2028.
  • Medicaid Community Engagement Grants: $100,000,000 is appropriated for fiscal year 2026 for grants to States.
  • Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services: The total amount of certain payments made to a State will be reduced by 10 percentage points each year beginning with the rating period on or after January 1, 2028, until the total payment rate equals a specified rate.
• Medicare Provisions:
  • Limiting Medicare Coverage for Inmates: For individuals entitled or enrolled as of the date of enactment, the new rules apply beginning 18 months after the enactment date. The Commissioner of Social Security must complete a review of individuals by 1 year after the enactment date.
  • Physician Fee Schedule Updates: Updates are specified for services furnished on or after January 1, 2026, and before January 1, 2027.
  • Orphan Drugs Exclusion under Drug Price Negotiation Program: Amendments apply with respect to initial price applicability years after the date of enactment.
  • Repeal of Rule Limiting Physician-Owned Hospitals: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
• Health Insurance Tax Credits and Choice:
  • Verification of Premium Tax Credit Eligibility: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2027.
  • Disallowing Premium Tax Credit for Special Enrollment Period Coverage: Amendments apply with respect to plan years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Eliminating Limitation on Recapture of Advance Payment of Premium Tax Credit: Amendments apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • Safe Harbor for Telehealth Services: The permanent extension applies to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. Inflation adjustments for health savings account amounts apply to taxable years beginning after 2026.
• Higher Education Provisions:
  • Exemption of Certain Assets (FAFSA): Amendments take effect July 1, 2026, and apply to award year 2026–2027 and each subsequent award year.
  • Loan Limits for Graduate and Professional Students: Reductions in loan limits take effect July 1, 2026. Institutionally determined limits may be applied beginning July 1, 2026. An interim exception applies to students enrolled as of June 30, 2026.
  • Loan Repayment: The Secretary of Education must ensure borrowers select income-based repayment plans before July 1, 2028, and begin repaying under the new plan on July 1, 2028.
    • The Repayment Assistance Plan becomes available beginning July 1, 2026.
    • Existing repayment plans sunset for loans made before July 1, 2026, and new prohibitions apply to loans made on or after July 1, 2026.
    • The automatic recertification process will apply to borrowers on or after the date the Secretary establishes procedures .
    • Special terms for new borrowers apply from July 1, 2014, and before July 1, 2026 .
    • Loan forbearance limits for new borrowers apply to loans made on or after July 1, 2027 .
  • Loan Rehabilitation: Updates to loan rehabilitation limits (from one to two times) take effect beginning July 1, 2027, and apply to any loan made, insured, or guaranteed under Title IV . The minimum monthly payment amount for rehabilitation also takes effect July 1, 2027 .
  • Workforce Pell Grants: Amendments take effect on July 1, 2026, and apply with respect to award year 2026–2027 and each succeeding award year . Eligibility requires the program to have been offered for at least 1 year prior to the Secretary’s determination .
  • Institutional Eligibility Based on Low Earning Outcomes: Institutions must comply with new requirements beginning July 1, 2026 . Programmatic median earnings are calculated for students who completed a program 4 years before the determination year and for not less than 2 of the 3 years immediately preceding the determination .
• Department of Homeland Security and Justice Fees:
  • U.S. Customs and Border Protection: $46,550,000,000 is appropriated for border infrastructure for fiscal year 2025, available until September 30, 2029 . Similar appropriations for personnel, vehicles, facilities, and technology are made for fiscal year 2025, available until September 30, 2029 .
  • State and Local Assistance Grants: Funds for fiscal year 2025 grants can be used for expenditures occurring on or after January 20, 2021 .
  • FEHB Improvements: Verification regulations must be implemented not later than 1 year after the date of enactment . A family member eligibility verification audit will be carried out during the 3-year period beginning 1 year after the date of enactment . Disenrollment or removal processes must be implemented not later than 180 days after the date of enactment .
  • Pandemic Response Accountability Committee (PRAC): The PRAC’s operation is extended until September 30, 2034 . An appropriation for fiscal year 2026 for the PRAC is available until the end of fiscal year 2035 .
  • Office of Management and Budget: $100,000,000 is appropriated for fiscal year 2025, available until September 30, 2029 .
  • Immigration Fees (General): Annual adjustments for inflation of various immigration fees will occur during fiscal year 2026 and each subsequent fiscal year (based on the CPI-U for July preceding the adjustment vs. the same month of the preceding calendar year) . Initial fee amounts are specified for fiscal year 2025 .
  • Electronic System for Travel Authorization Fee: The electronic system for travel authorization fee is changed to not less than $13 per travel authorization, with subsequent annual adjustments during fiscal year 2026 and each subsequent fiscal year based on the CPI-U .
• Bureau of Prisons:
  • $5,000,000,000 is appropriated for fiscal year 2025, available through September 30, 2029, for salaries, benefits, and facility maintenance/repairs .
• United States Secret Service:
  • $1,170,000,000 is appropriated for fiscal year 2025, available through September 30, 2029, for resources and bonuses .
• Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts:
  • $1,250,000 is appropriated for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2028 for continuing analyses and reporting on court dockets .
• Federal Judicial Center:
  • $3,000,000 is appropriated for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2028 .
• Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA):
  • Various definitions of physical presence and employment periods are provided, often comparing different date ranges (e.g., September 24, 1944, to November 6, 1962; January 1, 1942, to December 31, 1990; after January 1, 1949) .
  • Submissions for compensation related to medical expenses must be made on or before December 31, 2028 .

These comparisons often involve updating or extending existing programs, adjusting financial limitations for inflation, or setting new timelines for implementation or termination.